The following extracts from the handbook Technology of Indian Milk
Products would be of interest to Chemical Engineers & Food
Technologists.
Section 4.1 - Production Planning and Implementation
Food Laws in India (Pg 267)
As many as ten different ministries and departments govern and administer
the dairy sector in India. Food laws that affect the dairy sector
are described below:
A. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA), 1954 and Rules: The
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the nodal agency for ensuring
the quality and safety of food marketed in the country through this
legislation. The provisions of the Act are mandatory, and their contravention
can lead to both fine and imprisonment.
B. Essential Commodities Act, 1955: The main objective of the
Act... is to regulate the manufacture, commerce, and distribution
of essential commodities, including food. A number of Control Orders
have been promulgated under the provisions of this Act. These are:
(a) Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976 and the Standards
of Weights and Measures (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 1977: The Act...
governs sale of packaged commodities and provides for mandatory registration
of all packaged products in the country.
(b) Consumer Protection Act, 1986: The Act... provides for constitution
of District Forum/State/National Commission for settlement of disputes
between the seller/service provider and the consumer.
(c) The Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infant Foods
(Regulation of Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 1992 and
Rules 1993: This Act... aims at promoting breast feeding and ensuring
proper use of infant milk substitutes and infant food.
(d) The Insecticide Act, 1968: The Act... envisages safe use of insecticides
so as to ensure that the leftover chemical residue do not pose any
health hazard.
(e) Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963: The Act...
aims at facilitating export trade through quality control and inspection
before the products are sold to international buyers.
(f) Milk and Milk Products Order (MMPO) 1992: Under this order, registration
is mandatory for all dairies handling more than 10,000 litres of milk
per day or milk products containing milk solids exceeding 500 tonnes
per year.
(g) Environment Protection Act, 1986: This Act... incorporates rules
for the manufacture, use, import and storage of hazardous micro-organisms
/ substances / cells used as foodstuff.
(h) Pollution Control (Ministry of Environment and Forests): A no-objection
certificate from the respective State Pollution Control Board is essential
for all dairy plants.
(i) Industrial Licences: No licence is required for setting up a dairy
plant in India. Only a memorandum has to be submitted to the Secretariat
for Industrial Approvals (SIA) and an acknowledgement obtained. However,
a certificate of registration is required under the Milk and Milk
Products Order (MMPO), 1992.
Voluntary Standards: Primarily, two organizations deal with
voluntary standardization and certification systems in the food sector.
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) looks after standardization of
processed foods and related products. In case of raw agricultural
produce, the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) regulates
grade standards.
Table 4.1.9 Summary of project cost estimates
(Pg 227)
Rs million
|
| Item |
Estimated cost
|
| |
New plant
|
Extended plant
|
|
|
|
Civil Cost
|
|
|
| (a) Independent plant with milk
reception processing and service section, including cost of
land |
13.0
|
—
|
| (b) If it is an extension of
existing dairy, excluding cost of land |
—
|
9.0
|
Plant and Equipment
|
|
|
| (a) Independent plant |
20.4
|
—
|
| (b) If it is an extension of
existing dairy without homogenizer |
—
|
16.66
|
| Packaging Machine
|
|
|
| (a) Local cup filling machine
|
2.8
|
—
|
| (b) Imported packaged machine
|
15.0
|
—
|
| (c) Imported reconditioned machine
|
9.0
|
—
|
| (d) Imported form fill and sealing
(FFS) machine |
36.0
|
—
|
Utility Service Section
|
|
|
(a) Independent plant
|
8.0
|
—
|
| (b) Extension of a plant |
—
|
6.5
|
Miscellaneous items
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
| Village milk procurement system |
0.6
|
0.6
|
| Central excise duty, sales
tax, transport, insurance, etc |
2.0
|
1.5
|
| Total |
|
|
| (a) Independent plant with imported
FFS machine |
82.0
|
|
| (b) Independent plant with imported
packaging machine |
61.0
|
|
| (c) Independent plant with reconditioned
machine |
55.0
|
|
| (d) Independent plant with local
cup filling machine |
48.8
|
|
| (e) Extension of existing dairy
without homogenizer and imported reconditioned packaging machine
|
45.5
|
|
| (f) Extension of plant with
local machine |
39.8
|
|
|
Section 5.2 - Management
Systems for Quality and Food Safety
ISO 9000 Quality Management Systems
(Pg 327)
The ISO 9000 system is looked at as a system
with minimum quality requirements. It builds a baseline system for
managing quality. The focus, therefore, is on designing a total quality
management system, one that complies with external standards, but
includes the specific requirement of industry and integrates elements
of competitiveness. The requirements of ISO 9000 for laying the foundation
for excellence and total quality management system are given in Figure
5.2.3.
Figure 5.2.3 A foundation for excellence
The millennium standard (ISO 9000:2000) has
changed the focus from procedure to process. The main features of
the ISO 9000:2000 standards are:
- Refinement in the presentation to make
reading easy and elimination of general inauditable statements
such as "consideration shall be given…".
- The present standard gave an impression
that it was applicable to manufacturing situation though it was
applied in organizations of different types and sizes, including
the service sector. The new standard... is a broad-based standard
applicable to all sectors.
- In the new standards approach has changed
from continuous improvement to continual improvement. Continuous
improvement remained an implied approach to quality improvement
in ISO 9000.
Order the handbook.
Have queries? Contact
us.
E-mail:
mail@indianmilkproducts.com
|
| Project
Design Innovations |
The handbook places a
lot of emphasis on project design, equipment specifications
and plant layouts for the design of projects for the industrial
manufacture of these ethnic dairy products and consumption market
data to cater to local preferences.
- Barry Wilson, Dairy
Industry Newsletter, UK |
|
